Galerie
Napoléon
- Paris - Collection of the Manuscripts

Historical Document - French Revolutionary Wars - 1796 - Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Castiglione
Historical handwritten document dated Jully 23th, 1796 (3 Thermidor, Year IV of the Republic) and Portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte, an original lithograph.

179618th Century
  • Date : 1796
  • Century : 18th Century
  • Period : The Directorate
  • Passepartout : 65 x 50 cm
  • Inventory N° : FR-02025
500€
(Frame not included)
  • Certificate of authenticity
  • Passepartout included
  • Portfolio exacompta
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  • Shipment within 24H
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French Revolution
The Directorate
(1795-1799)

Title

Historical Document - French Revolutionary Wars - 1796 - Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Castiglione

Type

Historical handwritten document dated Jully 23th, 1796 (3 Thermidor, Year IV of the Republic) and Portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte, an original lithograph.

Description

Legal document handwritten on laid paper with watermark (with Phrygian cap) during during the French Revolution and the Campaign of Italy, a few days before the Battle of Castiglione (August 5th). Signed and dated Jully 23th, 1796 (3 Thermidor, Year IV of the Republic). Bears a red Revolutionary Stamp with Phrygian cap without the mention "Le Roi" (the King) and the fleurs de lys

This historical document is composed of these 2 documents mounted under passepartout :

Ancient Document

Contemporary document of French Revolutionary Wars

Type

Historical handwritten document dated Jully 23th, 1796 (3 Thermidor, Year IV of the Republic)

Illustrated document

Portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte

Type

  • High quality, full-colour and full-bleed printing
  • Light white paper, uncoated matte finish with an eggshell texture
Lithography. 1858

Collection of the Manuscripts

Period The Directorate

The Directory was the governing five-member committee in the French First Republic from 2 November 1795 until 9 November 1799.

On 27 July 1794, members of the Convention, revolutionary parliament of France, rose up against its leader Maximilien Robespierre, who was in the midst of executing thousands of suspected enemies of the Revolution. Robespierre and his leading followers were arrested on 28 July and guillotined the same day.

It is a gradual return of the bourgeoisie to power after the Terror. The Thermidorian Convention, last year of the National Convention, chose an eleven-member commission to establish a new constitution replacing that of Year I, deemed too democratic and assimilated to Terror. This commission includes all five Directors, Heads of Government, between whom the executive and ministers are divided. She will sit at the Luxembourg Palace. Established, inspired by the bourgeoisie, the regime re-established the censorship vote, which was used to elect the two legislative chambers, the Council of Five Hundred and the Council of Ancients. Elections were held from 12 to 21 October 1795 (20 to 29 venomial year IV).

During the Directory, France was continually at war with foreign coalitions, including Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, the Kingdom of Naples, Russia and the Ottoman Empire. He annexed Belgium and the left bank of the Rhine, while Bonaparte conquered much of Italy.

The elections of germinal of the year V (March-April 1797), in the troubled context of the attempt to overthrow the Directory led by Gracchus Babeuf (Conjuration of the Equals), displayed a great victory for the royalists. The Coup d'Etat of 18 fructidor an V (4 September 1797), was led by three of the five Directors (including Paul Barras) supported by the army, against the royalists who became the majority in the Council of Five Hundred and the Council of Ancients. The royal push is stopped and the repression is brutal. Many deputies and journalists, as well as Director Barthelemy, are deported to Guyana. In the executive branch, two directors are replaced by Republicans.

Sieyès wants to overthrow the Constitution of Year III. It can only be revised after 9 years. The coup d'état of the 18th brumaire of an VIII (9 November 1799), organized by himself and executed by Bonaparte, with the decisive help of his brother Lucien, marked the end of the Directoire and the beginning of the Consulate.

Bonaparte would then gradually gather more power by having himself named Premier Consul, then later Consul for life.

The Directory is an era of moral freedom exemplified by the Incroyables and Merveilleuses and the Directoire style, a fashion trend characterized by its extravagances, in response to the sadness that had spread terror.

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